| Stable release | |
|---|---|
| Repository | |
| Written in | Ruby |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | Package manager |
| License | Ruby License |
| Website | rubygems.org |
| Total gems | 133,000+ |
|---|---|
| Total downloads | 14+ billion |
RubyGems is a package manager for the Ruby programming language that provides a standard format for distributing Ruby programs and libraries (in a self-contained format called a 'gem'), a tool designed to easily manage the installation of gems, and a server for distributing them. It was created by Chad Fowler, Jim Weirich, David Alan Black, Paul Brannan and Richard Kilmer during RubyConf 2004.[2]
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The interface for RubyGems is a command-line tool called gem which can install and manage libraries (the gems).[3] RubyGems integrates with Ruby run-time loader to help find and load installed gems from standardized library folders. Though it is possible to use a private RubyGems repository, the public repository is most commonly used for gem management.
RubyGems, the Ruby package manager, should be installed on your machine if you previously have installed Ruby. Verify this by running: which gem Update RubyGems. To update to its latest version with: gem update -system Install gems. To install a gem (Ruby package), run: gem install. RubyGems.org is the Ruby community's gem hosting service. Instantly publish your gems and then install them. Use the API to find out more about available gems. Become a contributor and improve the site yourself. RubyGems.org is made possible through a partnership with the greater Ruby community.
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The public repository helps users find gems, resolve dependencies and install them. RubyGems is bundled with the standard Ruby package as of Ruby 1.9.[4]
History[edit]
Development on RubyGems started in November 2003 and was released to the public on March 14, 2004, or Pi Day 2004.[5] In 2010, the default public repository for gems moved from http://gems.rubyforge.org to http://rubygems.org, which is still in use. Also, RubyGems development was moved to GitHub in 2010. Though RubyGems has existed since Ruby 1.8, it was not a part of the standard Ruby distribution until Ruby 1.9.
Previously, compatibility with RubyGems and Ruby varied. Many versions of RubyGems are almost fully incompatible with many versions of Ruby and some versions had key features unusable. For example, Ruby 1.9 came with RubyGems 1.3.7 in its standard distribution, but RubyGems 1.4.x was not compatible with Ruby 1.9. This meant that updating RubyGems on Ruby 1.9 was not possible until RubyGems 1.5.0 was released in 2011, two years after the first stable release of Ruby 1.9.[6] These compatibility issues led to a rapid development of RubyGems, switching to a 4–6 week release schedule. This is reflected in there being 38 releases from 2004 to 2010 and 117 releases from 2011 to 2016. 45 versions were released in 2013, which is the highest number of releases in a year for RubyGems.[5]
Structure of a gem[edit]
Every gem contains a name, version and platform. Gems work only on ruby designed for a particular platform based on CPU architecture and operating-system type and version.[7]
Each gem consists of:
- Code
- Documentation
- Gem specification (Gemspec)
The code organization follows the following structure for a gem called gem_name:
- The lib directory contains the code for the gem.
- The test (or spec) directory is used for testing.
- Rakefile is used by Rake to automate tests and to generate code.
- README includes the documentation, RDOC, for most gems.
- Gem specification (gemspec) contains information about the author of the gem, the time of creation and the purpose the gem serves.
Working with gems[edit]
Gems are packages similar to Ebuilds. They contain package information along with files to install.
Gems are usually built from '.gemspec' files, which are YAML files containing information on gems. However, Ruby code may also build gems directly. Such a practice is usually used with Rake.
gem command[edit]
The gem command is used to build, upload, download, and install gem packages.
gem usage[edit]
RubyGems is very similar to apt-get, portage, yum and npm in functionality.
Rubygems Issues For Mac Computers
Installation:
See Full List On Bundler.io
Uninstallation:
Listing installed gems:
Listing available gems, e.g.:
Create RDoc documentation for all gems:
Adding a trusted certificate:[8]
Download but do not install a gem:
Search available gems, e.g.:
gem package building[edit]
The gem command may also be used to build and maintain .gemspec and .gem files.
Build .gem from a .gemspec file:
Security concerns[edit]
Since ruby gems run their own code in an application it may lead to various security issues due to installation of malicious gems. The creator of malicious gems may be able to compromise the user system or server.[9]
A number of methods have been developed to counter the security threat:
- Cryptographic signing of gems since RubyGems version 0.8.11. The gem cert and gem install commands are used for this purpose.
- New signing models such as X509 and OpenPGP have been proposed and are actively being discussed among Ruby experts.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'Release 3.1.4'. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^'174 Rubygems with Eric Hodel'.
- ^'RubyGems Command Reference'. guides.rubygems.org. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
- ^'Ruby 1.9.1 changelog'.
- ^ ab'Version history of RubyGems'. GitHub. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
- ^'Ruby 1.9.1 released'. www.ruby-lang.org. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
- ^'What is a gem? - RubyGems.org'. guides.rubygems.org. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
- ^'gem cert'. guides.rubygems.org. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
- ^'Security - RubyGems Guides'. guides.rubygems.org. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
External links[edit]
